Missiologists have long wrestled with how best to share the message of Gospel in foreign lands. The decision of what and how much of the message to adapt to the native culture relates to the issue of contextualization. As part of an online discussion on missiology, being hosted by Ed Stetzer at edstetzer.com, we’ve been reading and responding to the grand essays and responses shared in the book MissionShift: Global Mission Issues in the Third Millennium. This week’s essay, The Gospel in Human Contexts: Changing Perceptions of Contextualization, was written by Paul G. Hiebert, and outlines four distinct views on contextualization in the mission endeavor. You can read a summary of this essay and some additional thoughts from David Hesslegrave, co-editor of the book, HERE.
As I reflected on this issue of contextualization, it occurred to me that the core issue at hand, at least as I see it, is where the line falls between connecting and compromising. This line of demarcation is not only relevant in foreign fields, but also here at home. Here are a few of my thoughts related connecting without compromising.
Christ.
The central message of the Christian faith is the historical reality of Jesus Christ. The saving act of God in the person of Jesus Christ is the redemptive, life changing truth that missiology is focused on sharing. And the Christian life is one that makes a decision to accept the gift offered by Christ and to re-orient every aspect of existence around the person of Jesus Christ, following him and seeking to become like him. Though the way the story may be shared or the way it might be illustrated will vary in different cultures or generations, the story remains unchanged and the essence of Christianity endures. Therefore, the Church, at home and abroad must stay centered on the person, work, message, and calling of Jesus Christ, believing that Christ is timeless and eternally relevant in every time and place.
Core.
Beyond the person, work, and call of Jesus Christ, there is a solid core that forms the central belief system of Christianity. I am referring here to early creedal statements like the one found in Philippians 2:5-11 and 1 Corinthians 15:3-11. This would also incorporate other key creeds that developed a bit later, like The Apostle’s Creed and the Nicene Creed. These creeds capture the basic understandings of the Church on what the faith community determined (and has continued to affirm) are the key issues that define Christian faith. Again, the teaching of this core doctrine will have to be done in relevant and understandable ways, but the goal must be to help Christians in every time and place understand, grasp, affirm, and live according to these core truths.
Community.
The Church is a community, a body of believers. In every time and place, as people respond to Christ, decide to follow him, and live out the core truths of Christianity, they should be gathered in communities of faith. To be honest, I am not quite sure all of the implications that this idea of community has for contextualization, but I have a sense that a group of believers together centered on Christ and grounded in the core doctrines are likely to find it easier to express Christianity in a culturally relevant way without compromise. The Christ-centered, grounded community offers accountability, guidance, creativity, and wisdom that a lone Christian or outside missionary cannot experience or offer.
Counselor.
At the risk of sounding too simplistic and perhaps too spiritual, I must say that I believe one of the keys to connecting without compromise is learning to trust the leadership and direction of the Holy Spirit. Jesus promises that the Holy Spirit will guide believers into all truth. And in the book of 1 John we are told that it is the anointing that teaches. If a community of Christ-followers in a given context are truly centered on Christ, grounded in doctrine, and surrendered to the Holy Spirit, then they are on solid ground and in good hands. They can, under the leadership and direction of the Spirit, determine what to contextualize and how far to go before the line of compromise has been crossed. This kind of dependence on God’s Spirit in the mission enterprise is a reminder that it is not the mission of our church or denomination; rather this is the mission of God, and he is capable of ordering his own affairs.
Calling.
The Church is a missional entity. That is part of its very nature. Jesus’ call to people is to follow him and be made into mission participants (i.e. – fishers of people). A community of Christ-followers, centered on Christ and grounded in core doctrine, fully surrendered to the Holy Spirit must realize that its mission is not to blend in with or to look like the culture. Rather, that community is called by Jesus to make disciples, to call people to follow him. The Church is not meant to mirror culture, but to transform it. Understanding this calling reminds the Church that is must stay close to its Leader, true to its message, and focused on its mission. The Church that does those things will find little time for compromise.
Christ. Core. Community. Counselor. Calling. These are some key ideas that form some guardrails to keep the Church connecting without compromise. Join the discussion. I look forward to your questions, thoughts, and responses.
